Motherhood brings an invisible mother’s load of many unseen duties and responsibilities that can become overwhelming, leading to mental strain and unbalance.
From preparing for the future, scheduling activities and doctor visits, organizing medications, planning meals, nightmares about needing more milk, managing logistics, to providing emotional support for kids (and much, much more), moms are drowning from having so much on their plate.
Asking yourself questions like, how can I manage my unique load without sacrificing my health, what strategies can I use to find relief from this mental exhaustion, or what steps can I take to create a healthier balance between parenting and personal time can help you find creative ways to deal.
It’s possible to tackle this challenge head-on with some conscious effort. Keep reading to explore the ways to alleviate the invisible load of motherhood.
What Does Mental Load Mean?
The concept of mental load, commonly referred to as cognitive labor, refers to the invisible and non-tangible tasks involved in running a household. The mental load is distinct from physical chores such as cooking and cleaning but can be exhausting.
Working moms often feel overwhelmed by their responsibilities, as revealed in a survey1 showed that 69 percent cited heavy mental loads, and 52 percent said they suffered from mom burnout.
Fathers often participate in “the fun tasks” with children and don’t always see the planning and work that goes into family life2.
Additionally, existing attitudes mean that specific household responsibilities remain mainly within the purview of women, significantly adding to their mental labor.
What Is A Mother's Mental Load?
Motherhood comes with a mental load that is often not discussed or understood.
Although 75 percent of moms with children under 18 are employed full-time, 86 percent of working moms say they handle all responsibilities. Furthermore, 72 percent feel it’s their job to stay on top of kids’ schedules, and 63 percent have missed work to care for their sick children3. These unstated expectations may also explain why male breadwinners report being more than three times less likely to stay on top of the family’s schedules.
A new study released today shows that even as women catch up to men as earners and outpace them in academic achievement, they continue to bear a disproportionate portion of household responsibilities.
According to the study, one in five couples said the mental load was shared, but in 78 percent of households in the sample, the cognitive load was “always or usually” carried by the mother. In one-third, it was “always” the mother4.
While the gap in childcare was closing, the gap in domestic management was not; one partner still took on the mental toll. This new research shows that this “mental load” is actual and significantly impacts working mums at home and work. They are expected to organize, remind and plan virtually all family matters beyond being responsible for their half of parenting duties.
Due to this extra hardship put onto working partners without recognition or understanding, many have no choice but to risk letting down other areas, such as their job performance or taking care of their children when necessary.
What Does The Mental Load Refer To?
The mental load of mothers refers to the unseen but never-ending work of planning, organizing, and problem-solving required to run a household.
Taking charge of the various tasks necessary, keeping track of what needs to be done when assigning duties to your loved ones, and making sure they are carried out is the cognitive labor that lies ahead.
Women often shoulder this mental strain due to societal expectations, parenting trends, or a lack of work flexibility from their male partner5 This imbalance leaves them exhausted on every front.
Additionally, with parenting expectations skyrocketing in recent years, moms often take on massive amounts of work with no end in sight. This has led many women to consider the mental load they bear an ongoing source of frustration.
The "Double Burden" Of A Mother's Mental Work
Studies have suggested that while parents engage in mental labor, a mother’s toll spills over into her unpaid work and free time activities, leading to a “double burden” for the mom6.
This has been found to significantly contribute to their emotional stress and gender inequality among households with dual earners.
Despite taking on more work outside the home and additional responsibilities as primary earners, working women continue to bear a disproportionate strain of managing the household.
Even when physical labor is shared, primary breadwinning women are still 34% more likely than other working moms to manage finances, 63% more likely to maintain the yard, 30% more likely to organize vacations and gatherings, and 38% more likely to take care of home maintenance7.
Ultimately, female breadwinners have become the driving force behind their households and workplaces8.
A Mother's Load: Mental and Physical
Breadwinning mums are increasingly the primary or sole earners in households. But that doesn’t make their tasks any more accessible.
The women’s movement has accomplished much in the pursuit of gender equality. However, many women still carry the majority of housework and childcare responsibilities.
This hardship can limit their career opportunities and earning potential, often resulting in reduced financial security.
Conversely, women are three times more likely than breadwinning fathers to be responsible for their children’s schedules, volunteer at school, and ensure family necessities are handled. This shows how much these women take on financially and emotionally for their families9.
What Does It Mean To Carry The Mental Load?
Carrying the invisible labor of parenting can be described as shouldering the responsibility for managing key aspects of a family, such as:
- A never-ending to-do list of organizing schedules and keeping commitments
- Keeping track of social and health appointments
- Ensuring children have enough nutrition
- Maintaining their kids’ physical activity
- Staying aware of and anticipating the needs of children
- Remembering essential details like birthday presents or special clothing requirements
What Is The Invisible Workload?
Invisible labor is a phrase used to describe the unseen burden of running a family and managing its day-to-day affairs. This is often taken for granted, as it usually goes unrecognized by society.
In addition to sapping time and energy, this invisible labor often creates a feeling of being overwhelmed, as there is always something else to be done. As Baxter said: “As well as the doing, who does the thinking work?10“
This extra work can be draining physically and mentally, yet it is rarely acknowledged or rewarded in some way. It’s not until someone experiences this kind of ‘invisible load’ that they become aware of its significance – but even then, its value isn’t always recognized in society.
What Is The Invisible Load?
Women’s primary carer roles are often overlooked and underappreciated, contributing to an invisible workload that has remained unchanged.
“We consider it to be invisible because it’s often this internal mental checklist of what needs to be done, when it needs to be done, and how it needs to be done,” Ciciolla said. “We also consider it invisible because it doesn’t tend to get the recognition it deserves.11“
Studies show that 90% of moms claim they are primarily in charge of planning family schedules, while 70% take on most administration tasks12.
This pressure is further compounded by women doing 20 hours13 more household work than men after having their first child. In households with a higher income difference between mother and father, fathers are even less likely to participate in day-to-day childcare activities, with only 4% indicating this as their preference14.
What Is The Meaning Of Mental Labor?
Mental labor refers to the emotional and psychological concern of tasks associated with housework and childcare, including family organization15. Women are disproportionately responsible for this work, often without recognition or compensation.
This situation is caused by the internalization of societal norms that dictate that it is women’s job to manage all aspects of home life, leaving them physically and mentally exhausted at the end of each day.
What Is The Hardest Thing About Motherhood?
Being a mother is one of the most rewarding and fulfilling experiences, but it comes with no shortage of challenges.
The hardest thing about motherhood is the constant emotional roller coaster that comes from feeling the pain and joy of watching your child grow up too fast.
From dealing with sleepless nights to attending their first dance recital or graduation, there will be times when you feel overwhelmed, exhausted, and helpless. But at the same time, seeing your little one achieve success and life milestones can bring immense satisfaction and pride.
The Mental Burden Of The Allostatic Load
When chronic or acute stress exceeds the individual’s ability to cope16, it results in cumulative physiological wear and tear, known as allostatic load.
Operationalized through a composite index of biological risk factors, the allostatic load increases with age17. It’s linked to adverse physical health outcomes such as depression leading, parental burnout, and increased risk for early onset of psychiatric conditions and disease in offspring.
Furthermore, findings suggest maternal depression is linked with an even greater risk of early onset of psychiatric conditions in their children due to increased levels of allostatic load in depressed women and their adolescent offspring.
It is essential for moms dealing with such issues to seek help and support so that their health does not suffer in the long run.
Why Is Motherhood So Tough?
Mothers are deemed responsible for all or most of the emotional strain; taking days off work when a child is sick18, putting their own needs after their family’s19, feeling overwhelmed by responsibility and constant worry over the safety and well-being of their children.
On top of this, moms must also:
- Care for their children’s cognitive development
- Organize social events and identify options to run them
- Keep a stocked and clean house20
- Start worrying about how to fit in paid work
All this brain work leads to more headaches, a lack of sleep, mental exhaustion, and worry about paying bills and making ends meet.
Also, parenting duties often precede a person’s life, leading to less time for their partner. Numerous demands from home, friends, and work can compound this, leading to feeling constantly pulled in multiple directions and not having enough time for oneself or one’s partner.
Why Is Modern Motherhood So Hard?
Modern motherhood is an increasingly complex role in today’s world.
On top of all the expectations and extra-curricular activities for children, moms face physical and mental demands as they attempt to keep up with their kids21and maintain a happy home life. They often feel as if they are constantly rushed from one task to the next while also balancing work, parenting, and personal responsibilities.
Divorce rates have risen substantially over the past several decades, which can add to this pressure as separated or divorced parents must juggle additional roles to provide adequate care for their children. Unfortunately, research shows that separated and divorced adults are more likely to suffer from mood and anxiety disorders22.
Ultimately, modern motherhood means different things to different women. However, moms require incredible strength and determination to raise children effectively.
How Long Does It Take To Get Used To Motherhood?
After giving birth, motherhood is a journey filled with new experiences and challenges, and it takes each woman a different amount of time to adjust. Everyone’s experience is unique, but the process usually involves feelings of worry, excitement, exhaustion, and joy.
A study conducted by Munchkin, a baby brand, found that it typically takes a new mom four months and 23 days after giving birth to adjust to the lifestyle changes associated with motherhood.
While there is no set timeline for adjusting to motherhood, understanding what to expect can help make the transition smoother.
A mother can expect the following in her first year or less with a new baby:
- Endless waves of joy, love, and exhaustion
- A lack of sleep that creates a memory gap
- Surprises every day
- Constant worry over making sure their baby is safe and healthy
- Realizing that balancing work and family can be difficult
- Appreciating the importance of a good support network
- Seeking advice from health professionals
- Taking time for self-care to ensure physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing
Additionally, building trust over time between mother and child is essential for healthy development, which doesn’t happen overnight. Here are some tips for moms to help you along your journey.
Why Are Moms Always Stressed?
Moms are often stressed because they feel increasingly responsible for the invisible labor of their household, tasked with health checks, play dates, school forms, and extracurriculars on top of managing work and childcare23.
When these struggles remain unspoken and unresolved, it can result in a frustratingly significant point of contention in your relationship. This can leave you feeling drained, distressed, and on the brink of exhaustion.
Additionally, it can cause a mom to feel overwhelmed and anxious, leaving them exhausted and even turning to alcohol as a coping mechanism.
This strain is almost always shouldered primarily by women. As a result, many moms report feeling empty and dissatisfied with their lives and partners24.
How Do You Explain A Mother's Load?
The emotional burden can be challenging to explain to a partner, as they do not feel the anxiety and do not know what help is needed25.
It is essential to recognize that our partners may want to help but need clear instructions on how to do so; don’t make them guess! Studies have shown that both men and women recognize the benefit of increased father involvement in parenting26.
How Do I Explain Mental Load To My Husband?
Share stories of your struggles as a mother to help start conversations about shared tasks. Explain what the actual mental load looks and feels like in your daily life.
Ask for his opinion on tasks he could do to reduce your mental load, such as meal planning or running errands.
Let him take part in decisions like bedtimes or school days without feeling like he must carry the whole burden alone. Show understanding when he is overwhelmed and needs support from you too.
Appreciate his attempts to reduce your mental load, no matter how small they might be.
Lastly, share this post with him.
How Do You Explain Mental Load To A Partner?
If you’re trying to explain the concept of a mother’s load to your partner, it’s essential to stay calm and know what outcome you’re looking for. Do you want to unload some tasks to them, or are you looking for them to understand your role better?
It can be challenging for fathers to comprehend the full extent of the severe hardship moms bear in running a household – it often goes unseen and unacknowledged.
The Mother's Load: A Full-Time Job
Explain how this invisible labor can feel like a full-time job without direct payment. Talk about all the mental and physical work he may not know about. Describe the constant worry and nagging feeling in your mind; “what if something needs to be done but has been forgotten?”
Mention how there doesn’t seem to be time for yourself without feeling guilty for not doing other things, or if you do make time, it isn’t relaxing because of all the thoughts swirling around in your head over all of the household obligations.
Reiterate how important it is for husbands to begin taking on more duties and share responsibilities with their partners when possible – this would not only alleviate some of the stress carried by mothers but allow them space to balance commitments more effectively.
Lastly, emphasize that although being able to care for a household is rewarding, sooner or later, something will give if nothing changes.
The Mental Load Of A Stay-At-Home Mom
Stay-at-home mums often face an enormous invisible labor, struggling to balance multiple roles and obligations while facing a lack of autonomy and recognition.
They suffer from an identity crisis, fatigue, and financial hardship as they attempt to manage the household alone with little external support or resources.
Can Being A Stay-At-Home Mom Cause Anxiety?
Being a SAHM is certainly no easy feat.
With the constant demands and high expectations of 24/7 childcare, balancing housework, meal planning, and managing a budget, it’s no wonder many moms are feeling overwhelmed and exhausted. The stress and anxiety from juggling all these tasks can eventually lead to burnout if not appropriately managed.
Here are some of the significant causes of stress that can contribute to a mom’s burnout:
- Time management issues
- Constant stressors of household management
- Poor eating habits
- Lack of support network
- Financial strain
- Social pressures
- Loneliness
- Lack of free time for oneself needs
How Do Stay-At-Home Moms Stay Mentally Stimulated?
It can be easy to get stuck in a rut as a SAHM mom with the same routine and activities day after day. But it’s important to recognize that there are plenty of ways to stay mentally stimulated at home.
Here are some tips for staying excited for the day, avoiding anxiety and low self-worth, and bringing joy back into parenting:
- Make time for yourself
- Get creative
- Schedule activities with friends
- Exercise
- Give back in a way that utilizes your strengths
- Keep learning
- Drop the perfectionism
Staying mentally stimulated is essential for a healthy lifestyle. Taking small steps towards these tips can make all the difference in how energized and motivated you to feel throughout the day.
Why Do You Think Mothers Usually Take On The Biggest Share Of Mental Load In The Family?
Moms often take on the mental load very early in a relationship without making fathers accountable for their share. This is because they choose to do so from the beginning without initiating communication or asking for help.
Primarily due to traditional gender roles prioritizing women as primary caregivers in heterosexual relationships, moms bear the load even when fathers may be equally capable of participating in the caregiving process.
Unfortunately, this results in mental exhaustion that makes it easier for moms to shoulder most of the hardship rather than going through the stressful process of asking and telling fathers where help is needed.
What Is The Main Point Of Emma's Comic, "You Should've Asked"?
“You Should’ve Asked” by Emma is a comic that reminds us of the importance of communication in relationships.
We must be open about our feelings and needs to build and maintain healthy relationships. Honesty and understanding are vital for a strong connection between two people.
You Should Have Asked Cartoon: A Mental Workload Comic
Emma, a French blogger, artist, and writer, recently created a viral comic explaining mental load.
She argues that when a man expects his partner to ask him to do things, he views her as the project manager of household chores; it’s up to her to know what needs to be done and when.
She questions why Western culture seems to undervalue women while expecting them to bear the mental load of invisible, unpaid worry, which consists of daily tasks, decisions, and organization that ensure everything runs smoothly at home and work27.
Emma conveys her perspective through vignettes on microaggressions, sexual harassment & objectification, and the costs of motherhood in both professional and personal realms – combining drawings and dialogue with longer text passages and personal narratives.
Her influential writing is made more dynamic by her use of pointed humor.
Your Husband Wants To Help
Fathers today are seeking more time at home with their children; 46 percent of them have burned out from the lack of family time28.
A working dad is also 9 percent more likely than a working mom to desire more family flexibility and 32 percent more likely than a mom to trade a 10 percent raise for more at-home time29.
Studies have also demonstrated that fathers involved in their children’s lives report higher happiness and confidence, meanwhile benefitting their kids’ development30.
How Do You Deal With Mental Load Of Motherhood?
Mothers play an essential role in caretaking and must be supported to manage their mental load.
Studies have shown that adolescents of depressed parents experience higher mental health symptoms than those from nondepressed households, highlighting the importance of addressing this issue before passing it on to future generations31.
Thus, every mom needs to be aware of their obligations and take steps to manage them for a healthy environment for their children.
How Do You Relieve Mental Load?
Above all, both parents must take on their share of the mental load of motherhood right from the start.
Effective communication and teamwork should be present when the baby is born, so both parents can collaboratively make decisions. This ensures that the responsibility lies with both parents to work creatively together.
In addition, to relieve a mother’s mental load, unhealthy coping mechanisms such as drinking should be replaced with healthy approaches like carving out dedicated me-time or engaging in rewarding and enriching projects32.
Furthermore, fathers can benefit from being left alone with their kids.
When mothers get some time off, fathers can gain parenting skills and help foster stronger relationships with their children by holding and caring for babies or young children33.
This can help instill confidence and fill them with a sense of pride, knowing they are capable of and responsible for their family’s well-being.
How Do I Get Rid Of My Mental Loads?
It’s time to create environments in the business world where men are encouraged and valued for taking advantage of work support34. Building a more equitable balance starts with addressing the stigma around men taking leave and feeling supported rather than judged35.
The workplace ought to offer genuine flexibility in working hours36and provide opportunities for both to be involved in the mental burden of parenting.
International research often uses parental leave taken by fathers to indicate their involvement in young children’s care. This shows that engaging fathers early after birth significantly positively affects both father-child bonding and a fairer division of responsibility in a child’s life.
Relieve A Mother's Load: Fathers And Maternity Leave
Fathers taking more time at home during maternity leave helps relieve a mother’s mental load and can strengthen the bond between dads and their kids, as well as dads and their wives. Parental leave, regardless of gender, needs to be strongly encouraged by businesses for these benefits to be realized.
The “daddy months” can create an equal division in childcare and labor supply, and reduce financial constraints37on fathers, and provide them with more hands-on parenting than just playtime.
In addition, couples can benefit from a more equitable division of work if mums work on weekends and nights, allowing fathers to play a more significant role in childcare, shifting away from traditional roles that only involve fun and recreation38.
This leads to a better gender balance in the household and provides a much-needed change for all parties involved.
Ultimately, encouraging men to take parental leave is beneficial for everyone involved. It is also essential to encourage and enable men to take a more active role in parenting their children.
How Do I Stop Carrying Mental Load?
Carrying the mental load can seem like an impossible task, but there are steps you can take to make it more manageable.
First, divvy up tasks. Allow everyone to have autonomy and trust your partners to get things done as you want. If something is important to you, explain why it’s so crucial straightforwardly.
Second, delegate! Give your spouse and children age-appropriate chores they can carry out independently while building the “muscle memory” needed to get through those everyday chores without you having to watch or criticize their methods.
Third, don’t forget about the cognitive tasks; planning, delegating, scheduling, remembering, and taking stock to require as much effort, if not more, than physical labor. Consider using project management apps or sites such as Shared(d), which provides easy organization and reminders for these tasks.
Lastly, talk to someone who has gone through post-natal mental health issues for companionship and support when you may feel isolated from the rest of the world with newborns. Don’t hesitate to reach out for help if needed!
What Is Mental Load In Relationships
All relationships require effort from both parties to maintain balance, but it’s essential to recognize that mental load affects all relationships in distinct ways.
How Can I Help My Wife With Mental Loads?
Men can be a powerful force in reducing the mental strain of wives. By understanding the pressures of the modern family unit and taking steps to support each other, husbands can ease the mental stress their wives suffer.
Here are some ways a husband can contribute to easing the mental burden of his wife:
- Listen to her vent without judgment
- Offer to take care of the kids so she can have some alone time; self-care is important for moms
- Create a weekly chore schedule that is realistic for everyone
- Help create a budget that works and review finances regularly
- Take time to practice self-care so you can stay healthy mentally and physically
- Provide emotional support when needed
- Let your wife know she can trust your judgment
- Encourage open conversations between grandparents/aunts/uncles/friends & parents
- Make sure that any childcare arrangements are fair & considerate
- Take an active part in managing household tasks such as cleaning, cooking, grocery shopping, etc.
- Involve yourself with activities outside of home life whenever possible––whether it be attending parent-teacher meetings, medical appointments, etc.
Conclusion: A Mothers Load
Taking on the heavy burden of motherhood is a difficult task but also one of the most rewarding challenges.
It takes time, conversations, and adjustments to ensure that the load is evenly shared.
Let us know your thoughts in the comments below: what successes or failures have you had in sharing the mental load of motherhood?
Plus, any additional suggestions you’d like to add?
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the “Mental Load” is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the “Mental Load” is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Offer, S. (2014). The Costs of Thinking About Work and Family: Mental Labor, Work-Family Spillover, and Gender Inequality Among Parents in Dual-Earner Families. Sociological Forum, 29(4), 916–936. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43654152
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the "Mental Load" is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the "Mental Load" is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the “Mental Load” is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Belew, C. (2019, February 1). Study: Motherhood causes a mental toll. Duncan Banner, The (OK).
- Mothers bear the “mental strain” of running a home. (2019). Times, The (United Kingdom), 18.
- Daisy Turnbull. (2022, March 27). Hot take on daddy duty takes the cake. Sun-Herald, The (Sydney), 27.
- Aotearoa’s “gender care gap”: Not the dishwasher argument again. (2022, October 30). Sunday Star-Times, 8.
- Aotearoa’s “gender care gap”: Not the dishwasher argument again. (2022, October 30). Sunday Star-Times, 8.
- Nelson, B. W., Sheeber, L., Pfeifer, J., & Allen, N. B. (2021). Psychobiological markers of allostatic load in depressed and nondepressed mothers and their adolescent offspring. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 62(2), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13264
- Glover, D. A., Stuber, M., & Poland, R. E. (2006). Allostatic Load in Women With and Without PTSD Symptoms. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 69(3), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2006.69.3.191
- Daisy Turnbull. (2022, March 27). Hot take on daddy duty takes the cake. Sun-Herald, The (Sydney), 27.
- I finally got fit. (2020, January 1). Manawatu Standard, 16.
- LYN CRAIG - Lyn Craig is the deputy director of the Social Policy Research Centre at the University of NSW. This is an edited extract of her presentation, co-written with A. P. to the A. S. P. C. (2011, July 7). Fathers left alone can spread load of parenting. Sydney Morning Herald, The, 11.
- N.A. (n.d.). SHOCK MOTHER’S DAY SURVEY; Alison staying ahead in three major roles. Sunday Mail (Adelaide).
- Joel Dullroy. (n.d.). Mother load best for keeping women sane. Courier Mail, The (Brisbane).
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Belew, C. (2019, February 1). Study: Motherhood causes a mental toll. Duncan Banner, The (OK).
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Wendy Tuohy. (2022, June 17). Mental load is a mother load. Age, The (Melbourne), 1.
- Hayes, S. (2018). The Mental Load: A Feminist Comic. Booklist, 115(6), 38.
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the "Mental Load" is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the "Mental Load" is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Aotearoa's "gender care gap": Not the dishwasher argument again. (2022, October 30). Sunday Star-Times, 8.
- Nelson, B. W., Sheeber, L., Pfeifer, J., & Allen, N. B. (2021). Psychobiological markers of allostatic load in depressed and nondepressed mothers and their adolescent offspring. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 62(2), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13264
- I finally got fit. (2020, January 1). Manawatu Standard, 16.
- LYN CRAIG - Lyn Craig is the deputy director of the Social Policy Research Centre at the University of NSW. This is an edited extract of her presentation, co-written with A. P. to the A. S. P. C. (2011, July 7). Fathers left alone can spread load of parenting. Sydney Morning Herald, The, 11.
- Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (12 C.E., Winter 2017). New Research Shows the "Mental Load" is Real and Significantly Impacts Working Mothers Both at Home and Work. Business Wire (English).
- Daisy Turnbull. (2022, March 27). Hot take on daddy duty takes the cake. Sun-Herald, The (Sydney), 27.
- LYN CRAIG - Lyn Craig is the deputy director of the Social Policy Research Centre at the University of NSW. This is an edited extract of her presentation, co-written with A. P. to the A. S. P. C. (2011, July 7). Fathers left alone can spread load of parenting. Sydney Morning Herald, The, 11.
- Aotearoa's "gender care gap": Not the dishwasher argument again. (2022, October 30). Sunday Star-Times, 8.
- LYN CRAIG - Lyn Craig is the deputy director of the Social Policy Research Centre at the University of NSW. This is an edited extract of her presentation, co-written with A. P. to the A. S. P. C. (2011, July 7). Fathers left alone can spread load of parenting. Sydney Morning Herald, The, 11.
